Preterite verb form
fui
I went
Focus here is ir = movement. The shared ser meaning is clarified in Lesson 3.
Lesson 1
Lesson 1 — Ir Preterite: Singular
What you are learning:I can say where I went using singular completed-past forms of ir.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
fuiste
you went — familiar singular
Focus here is ir = movement. The shared ser meaning is clarified in Lesson 3.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
fue
he/she/you formal went
Focus here is ir = movement. The shared ser meaning is clarified in Lesson 3.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can say where I went using singular completed-past forms of ir.
Lesson 2
Lesson 2 — Ir Preterite: Plural
What you are learning:I can say where we/they/you all went.
Preterite verb form
fuimos
we went
Mexican Spanish: fueron also serves ustedes when the context means you all went.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
fueron
they/you all went
Mexican Spanish: fueron also serves ustedes when the context means you all went.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can say where we/they/you all went.
Lesson 3 — SER and IR Share the Same Preterite Forms
What you are learning:I can use context to distinguish went from was/were when the form is shared.
Grammar comparison
fui · fuiste · fue · fuimos · fueron
The same written preterite forms can belong to ir (went) or ser (was/were). Context decides.
Do not memorize a new ending here. Read the context: movement points to ir; identity/category points to ser.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can use context to distinguish went from was/were when the form is shared.
Lesson 3
Lesson 4 — Irregular Past: tener
What you are learning:I can use selected completed-past forms of tener.
Preterite verb form
tuve
I had
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
tuvo
he/she/you formal had
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can use selected completed-past forms of tener.
Lesson 4
Lesson 5 — Irregular Past: hacer
What you are learning:I can use selected completed-past forms of hacer.
Preterite verb form
hice
I did/made
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
hizo
he/she/you formal did/made
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can use selected completed-past forms of hacer.
Lesson 5
Lesson 6 — Irregular Past: estar
What you are learning:I can use selected completed-past forms of estar.
Preterite verb form
estuve
I was
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Preterite verb form
estuvo
he/she/you formal was
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can use selected completed-past forms of estar.
Lesson 7 — Core Irregular Preterite Stem Patterns
What you are learning:I can build learned core irregular preterite forms from a stem + shared endings.
Verb ending pattern
-e · -iste · -o · -imos · -ieron
shared endings for the learned core irregular preterite stem set
Attach these endings to the irregular stems you learned. Do not apply them to unlisted verbs.
personending
I-e
you-iste
he/she/usted-o
we-imos
they/ustedes-ieron
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
tuv-
preterite stem of tener — had
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
tuveI had
tuvisteyou had
tuvohe/she/you formal had
tuvimoswe had
tuvieronthey/you all had
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
estuv-
preterite stem of estar — was/were
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
estuveI was/were
estuvisteyou were
estuvohe/she/you formal was/were
estuvimoswe was/were
estuvieronthey/you all was/were
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
pud-
preterite stem of poder — managed to / could
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
pudeI managed to / could
pudisteyou managed to / could
pudohe/she/you formal managed to / could
pudimoswe managed to / could
pudieronthey/you all managed to / could
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
pus-
preterite stem of poner — put
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
puseI put
pusisteyou put
pusohe/she/you formal put
pusimoswe put
pusieronthey/you all put
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
sup-
preterite stem of saber — found out / knew in completed-event context
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
supeI found out / knew in completed-event context
supisteyou found out / knew in completed-event context
supohe/she/you formal found out / knew in completed-event context
supimoswe found out / knew in completed-event context
supieronthey/you all found out / knew in completed-event context
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
quis-
preterite stem of querer — wanted / tried in completed-event context
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
quiseI wanted / tried in completed-event context
quisisteyou wanted / tried in completed-event context
quisohe/she/you formal wanted / tried in completed-event context
quisimoswe wanted / tried in completed-event context
quisieronthey/you all wanted / tried in completed-event context
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite stem
vin-
preterite stem of venir — came
Use only this exact stem with the shared irregular endings.
formmeaning
vineI came
vinisteyou came
vinohe/she/you formal came
vinimoswe came
vinieronthey/you all came
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can build learned core irregular preterite forms from a stem + shared endings.
Lesson 8 — J-Stem and Short Irregular Preterites
What you are learning:I can use the learned decir, traer, dar and ver preterite patterns.
conjugated verb form
dije
I said/told
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dijiste
you said/told
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dijo
he/she/you formal said/told
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dijimos
we said/told
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dijeron
they/you all said/told
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Verb Forms
decir: dije / dijiste / dijo / dijimos / dijeron
preterite forms of decir
Recall the whole person pattern; no additional meanings are introduced.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
traje
I brought
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
trajiste
you brought
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
trajo
he/she/you formal brought
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
trajimos
we brought
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
trajeron
they/you all brought
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Verb Forms
traer: traje / trajiste / trajo / trajimos / trajeron
preterite forms of traer
Recall the whole person pattern; no additional meanings are introduced.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Irregular preterite pattern
dij- / traj-
special j-stem preterites; third-person plural uses -eron after the j-stem
Keep this special pattern separate from the core -ieron irregular-stem pattern.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
di
I gave
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
diste
you gave
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dio
he/she/you formal gave
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dimos
we gave
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
dieron
they/you all gave
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Verb Forms
dar: di / diste / dio / dimos / dieron
preterite forms of dar
Use the exact short irregular forms; do not force the core irregular-stem endings onto them.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
vi
I saw
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
viste
you saw
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
vio
he/she/you formal saw
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
vimos
we saw
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
conjugated verb form
vieron
they/you all saw
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Verb Forms
ver: vi / viste / vio / vimos / vieron
preterite forms of ver
Use the exact short irregular forms; do not force the core irregular-stem endings onto them.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can use the learned decir, traer, dar and ver preterite patterns.
Lesson 6
Lesson 9 — Sequence Completed Events
What you are learning:I can organize completed events with primero, después, luego and al final.
Narrative sequencing connector
primero
first — sequence
Use only the narrative-sequencing meaning in this module.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Narrative sequencing connector
después
afterward / then — sequence
Use only the narrative-sequencing meaning in this module.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Narrative sequencing connector
luego
then / next — sequence
Use only the narrative-sequencing meaning in this module.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
Narrative sequencing connector
al final
at the end / in the end — sequence
Use only the narrative-sequencing meaning in this module.
Practice Rolls — repeat the language, not the exercise
What you learned:I can organize completed events with primero, después, luego and al final.
Review & Reuse
What you are learning:I can Review Module 41 and earlier completed-event language in different situations.
What you learned:I can Review Module 41 and earlier completed-event language in different situations.
Combined Practice
What you are learning:I can Practice learned past forms and sequence markers.
What you learned:I can Practice learned past forms and sequence markers.
Apply & Communicate
What you are learning:I can perform the module Can-Do in different realistic situations.
What you learned:I can perform the module Can-Do in different realistic situations.
You can now
Say where you went with the learned ir preterite forms and understand shared ser/ir forms by context.
Use the learned core irregular, j-stem, and short irregular preterite forms.
Sequence completed events with primero, después, luego and al final.
Show What You Can Do:complete the Apply & Communicate rolls without help and resolve any extra practice after Reveal.
Ready to continue:Module 42 — Imperfect Foundations, only after Module 41 Best way to check yourself is complete.