Self Recall
A speaker needs the Spanish for “I do / make.” Give only the form you learned.
Module 21 · A1
Irregular Present & Routine
What you will learn:I can use these common irregular present forms and describe a basic routine and frequency.
Patterned exceptions
Use these irregular forms without abandoning the regular-present pattern.
Use these irregular forms without abandoning the regular-present pattern.
Routine + frequency
Describe familiar daily actions and how often they happen.
Describe familiar daily actions and how often they happen.
Meaning choices
Separate saber from conocer and use nunca in two learned positions.
Separate saber from conocer and use nunca in two learned positions.
1
What you are learning
Lesson 1 — Learn & Recall
Lesson 1 · Irregular Present: hacer / decir
Can-Do:I can use the learned irregular present pairs for doing/making and saying/telling.
hacer
to do / make
hago
I do / make
hace
he/she/usted does or makes
decir
to say / tell
digo
I say / tell
dice
he/she/usted says or tells
Compare & notice:Regular present rules are still useful, but these common verbs have irregular forms you learned. Do not invent a full irregular pattern from one form.
Five varied Practice Rolls — hacer
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Listener Choice
You hear an English description meaning “he/she/usted does or makes.” Select the matching Spanish form.
Reverse recall
After seeing the form you learned “hago”, Recall the infinitive.
Person Switch
Switch from the “I” meaning to the he/she/usted meaning for hacer. Type only the Spanish form.
Fix the Error
you regularizes hacer by mistake. Fix the answer for “I do / make.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — decir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Recall
A speaker needs the Spanish for “I say / tell.” Give only the form you learned.
Listener Choice
You hear an English description meaning “he/she/usted says or tells.” Select the matching Spanish form.
Reverse recall
After seeing the form you learned “digo”, Recall the infinitive.
Person Switch
Switch from the “I” meaning to the he/she/usted meaning for decir. Type only the Spanish form.
Fix the Error
you regularizes decir by mistake. Fix the answer for “I say / tell.”
Lesson 2 · Irregular Present: saber / venir
Can-Do:I can use these irregular forms for knowing facts/how-to and coming.
saber
to know a fact / know how
sé
I know — fact/how-to
sabe
he/she/usted knows — fact/how-to
venir
to come
vengo
I come / am coming
viene
he/she/usted comes / is coming
quiero / puedo / tengo / voy
forms you learned earlier, used together here
Compare & notice:Keep the irregular form you learned attached to its verb. The written accent in sé distinguishes this form and is recalled here.
Five varied Practice Rolls — saber
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Recall
A speaker needs the Spanish for “I know (a fact / how).” Give only the form you learned.
Listener Choice
You hear an English description meaning “he/she/usted knows (a fact / how).” Select the matching Spanish form.
Reverse recall
After seeing the form you learned “sé”, Recall the infinitive.
Person Switch
Switch from the “I” meaning to the he/she/usted meaning for saber. Type only the Spanish form.
Fix the Error
you regularizes saber by mistake. Fix the answer for “I know (a fact / how).”
Five varied Practice Rolls — venir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Recall
A speaker needs the Spanish for “I come / am coming.” Give only the form you learned.
Listener Choice
You hear an English description meaning “he/she/usted comes / is coming.” Select the matching Spanish form.
Reverse recall
After seeing the form you learned “vengo”, Recall the infinitive.
Person Switch
Switch from the “I” meaning to the he/she/usted meaning for venir. Type only the Spanish form.
Fix the Error
you regularizes venir by mistake. Fix the answer for “I come / am coming.”
Irregular YO: the -go pattern
Can-Do:I can recognize and Give selected irregular yo forms ending in -go.
tengo / hago / vengo / digo
known/current -go recall
poner → pongo
to put → I put
salir → salgo
to leave/go out → I leave/go out
oír → oigo
to hear → I hear
Compare & notice:The -go relationship is a first-person singular pattern. It does not introduce -go in every person.
Five varied Practice Rolls — poner
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Pattern practice
Use the -go pattern to say “I put.” Give only the Spanish yo form.
Mini Dialogue Completion
In a short exchange, your turn means “I put.” Complete your reply with only the Spanish form.
Infinitive Link
The form “pongo” belongs to which infinitive? Type the infinitive.
Sound To Spelling
Use Listen for the English cue, then type the learned -go form for “I put.”
Keep in mind
Show that you will not overgeneralize: type the exact yo form for poner.
Five varied Practice Rolls — salir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Pattern practice
Use the -go pattern to say “I leave / go out.” Give only the Spanish yo form.
Mini Dialogue Completion
In a short exchange, your turn means “I leave / go out.” Complete your reply with only the Spanish form.
Infinitive Link
The form “salgo” belongs to which infinitive? Type the infinitive.
Sound To Spelling
Use Listen for the English cue, then type the learned -go form for “I leave / go out.”
Keep in mind
Show that you will not overgeneralize: type the exact yo form for salir.
Five varied Practice Rolls — oír
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Pattern practice
Use the -go pattern to say “I hear.” Give only the Spanish yo form.
Mini Dialogue Completion
In a short exchange, your turn means “I hear.” Complete your reply with only the Spanish form.
Infinitive Link
The form “oigo” belongs to which infinitive? Type the infinitive.
Sound To Spelling
Use Listen for the English cue, then type the learned -go form for “I hear.”
Keep in mind
Show that you will not overgeneralize: type the exact yo form for oír.
2
What you are learning
Lesson 2 — Build & Connect
Stem Change: e → ie
Can-Do:I can predict changed stressed forms while keeping nosotros unchanged in the learned present pattern.
querer
to want — verb you learned earlier; review the pattern
pensar
to think
empezar
to start/begin
preferir
to prefer
tener / venir
mixed-pattern recall
pienso ↔ pensamos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
empiezo ↔ empezamos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
prefiero ↔ preferimos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
Compare & notice:In the learned present pattern, e → ie appears in stressed stem positions; nosotros keeps the unchanged stem.
Five varied Practice Rolls — pensar
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of pensar (think) using the learned e → ie pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we think.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you think.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “think.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “think.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — empezar
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of empezar (start / begin) using the learned e → ie pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we start / begin.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you start / begin.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “start / begin.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “start / begin.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — preferir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of preferir (prefer) using the learned e → ie pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we prefer.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you prefer.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “prefer.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “prefer.”
Stem Change: o → ue
Can-Do:I can apply the learned o → ue present pattern without extending it to unrelated verbs.
poder
can / to be able — verb you learned earlier; review the pattern
volver
to return / come back
dormir
to sleep
vuelvo ↔ volvemos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
duermo ↔ dormimos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
Compare & notice:The same stressed-versus-nosotros contrast now uses o → ue.
Five varied Practice Rolls — volver
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of volver (return / come back) using the learned o → ue pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we return / come back.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you return / come back.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “return / come back.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “return / come back.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — dormir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of dormir (sleep) using the learned o → ue pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we sleep.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you sleep.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “sleep.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “sleep.”
Stem Change: e → i
Can-Do:I can distinguish e → i from e → ie on learned verbs.
pedir
to ask for / request
seguir
to continue / follow
vestirse
learned pattern member; recognize it for now—reflexive practice waits for Module 22
decir
mixed-pattern recall
pido ↔ pedimos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
sigo ↔ seguimos
changed yo ↔ unchanged nosotros
Compare & notice:Do not merge e → i with e → ie. vestirse is noticed as a pattern member here, but its reflexive pattern is not learned or tested in Module 21.
Five varied Practice Rolls — pedir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of pedir (ask for / request) using the learned e → i pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we ask for / request.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you ask for / request.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “ask for / request.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “ask for / request.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — seguir
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Self Form Generation
build the yo present form of seguir (continue / follow) using the learned e → i pattern.
Nosotros Contrast
Now protect the unchanged nosotros stem. Type “we continue / follow.”
Informal You use in a new situation
A friend is the subject. Type the tú form meaning “you continue / follow.”
Formal Person use in a new situation
Address usted / describe él or ella: type the form meaning “continue / follow.”
Group use in a new situation
The subject is ellos/ellas/ustedes. Give the plural form for “continue / follow.”
Saber vs Conocer — two ways to “know”
Can-Do:I can choose the Spanish “know” verb from meaning.
saber
facts / information / knowing how
sé / sabes / sabe / sabemos / saben
learned saber present set
conocer
familiarity with people / places / things
conozco / conoces / conoce / conocemos / conocen
learned conocer present set
Compare & notice:English often uses one verb “know.” Spanish separates knowing facts/how-to (saber) from familiarity/acquaintance (conocer).
Five varied Practice Rolls — saber vs conocer
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Meaning Split
Give both meanings in order: first KNOW A FACT/HOW, then KNOW/BE FAMILIAR WITH A PERSON/PLACE. Person: I.
Informal Pair
Give both meanings in order: first KNOW A FACT/HOW, then KNOW/BE FAMILIAR WITH A PERSON/PLACE. Person: tú.
Formal Pair
Give both meanings in order: first KNOW A FACT/HOW, then KNOW/BE FAMILIAR WITH A PERSON/PLACE. Person: él/ella/usted.
Group Pair
Give both meanings in order: first KNOW A FACT/HOW, then KNOW/BE FAMILIAR WITH A PERSON/PLACE. Person: nosotros.
Plural Pair
Give both meanings in order: first KNOW A FACT/HOW, then KNOW/BE FAMILIAR WITH A PERSON/PLACE. Person: ellos/ellas/ustedes.
3
What you are learning
Lesson 3 — Compare Spanish and English
Lesson 3 · Daily Routine Actions
Can-Do:I can describe a basic daily routine.
desayuno
I eat breakfast
ceno
I eat dinner
duermo
I sleep — recalled from the o → ue lesson
trabajo / estudio / hablo / como
routine actions you learned earlier
Compare & notice:Spanish present tense can describe a habitual/current-general routine. You do not need a new tense to describe these routine actions.
Five varied Practice Rolls — desayuno
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Routine Recall
Your routine card says “eat breakfast.” Type the Spanish first-person form.
Today Line
Add the already-known time word for today: “Today, eat breakfast.”
Speaker Label
You are the speaker. Give “I eat breakfast” with the subject pronoun included.
Order Shift
Put the routine action first and the known word for today second: “Eat breakfast today.”
Clean Spelling
Write only the routine form for “I eat breakfast” with exact spelling.
Five varied Practice Rolls — ceno
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Routine Recall
Your routine card says “eat dinner.” Type the Spanish first-person form.
Today Line
Add the already-known time word for today: “Today, eat dinner.”
Speaker Label
You are the speaker. Give “I eat dinner” with the subject pronoun included.
Order Shift
Put the routine action first and the known word for today second: “Eat dinner today.”
Clean Spelling
Write only the routine form for “I eat dinner” with exact spelling.
Lesson 4 · How Often
Can-Do:I can say how often I do a familiar action.
siempre
always
normalmente
normally
a veces
sometimes
nunca
never
todos los días
every day
Compare & notice:Frequency expressions modify an action. They can be combined with already learned routine verbs.
Five varied Practice Rolls — siempre
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Schedule Marker
A schedule note says “I always work.” Put the frequency expression before the action.
Profile Frequency
A profile card needs “I always study.” Choose the complete Spanish line.
Chat Reply
Reply to an English message with one Spanish line meaning “I always speak.”
Routine Caption
Your routine caption must say “I always eat.” Type the Spanish line.
Frequency Spelling
Spell the full Spanish line for “I always eat breakfast.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — normalmente
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Schedule Marker
A schedule note says “I normally study.” Put the frequency expression before the action.
Profile Frequency
A profile card needs “I normally work.” Choose the complete Spanish line.
Chat Reply
Reply to an English message with one Spanish line meaning “I normally eat.”
Routine Caption
Your routine caption must say “I normally eat breakfast.” Type the Spanish line.
Frequency Spelling
Spell the full Spanish line for “I normally eat dinner.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — a veces
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Schedule Marker
A schedule note says “I sometimes speak.” Put the frequency expression before the action.
Profile Frequency
A profile card needs “I sometimes study.” Choose the complete Spanish line.
Chat Reply
Reply to an English message with one Spanish line meaning “I sometimes eat.”
Routine Caption
Your routine caption must say “I sometimes eat dinner.” Type the Spanish line.
Frequency Spelling
Spell the full Spanish line for “I sometimes sleep.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — nunca
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Schedule Marker
A schedule note says “I never work.” Put the frequency expression before the action.
Profile Frequency
A profile card needs “I never study.” Choose the complete Spanish line.
Chat Reply
Reply to an English message with one Spanish line meaning “I never speak.”
Routine Caption
Your routine caption must say “I never eat.” Type the Spanish line.
Frequency Spelling
Spell the full Spanish line for “I never eat dinner.”
Five varied Practice Rolls — todos los días
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Schedule Marker
A schedule note says “I every day work.” Put the frequency expression before the action.
Profile Frequency
A profile card needs “I every day study.” Choose the complete Spanish line.
Chat Reply
Reply to an English message with one Spanish line meaning “I every day speak.”
Routine Caption
Your routine caption must say “I every day eat breakfast.” Type the Spanish line.
Frequency Spelling
Spell the full Spanish line for “I every day eat dinner.”
Negation with nunca — before or after the verb
Can-Do:I can use both learned nunca positions without importing Later full negative-word pattern.
nunca + verb
never + verb when nunca comes before the verb
no + verb + nunca
not … ever / never when nunca follows the verb
Nunca trabajo.
I never work.
No trabajo nunca.
I never work.
Compare & notice:English usually expresses “never” once. In the Spanish you learned post-verbal pattern, no appears before the verb and nunca appears after it. The broader indefinite-negative pattern is not part of this module.
Five varied Practice Rolls — nunca + verb
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Position Build
Build the negative pattern you learned for “I never eat breakfast.” using this requested order: nunca + verb.
Rewrite Front
Select the sentence that uses the requested nunca + verb order for “I never sleep.”.
Dialogue Negative
In a mini-dialogue, answer negatively: “I never come.” Use this position pattern: nunca + verb.
Word Order Check
Listen to the English cue, then type the Spanish negative with the requested nunca + verb placement.
a new situation Negation
a new situation: Give “I never study.” while preserving this negative position: nunca + verb.
Five varied Practice Rolls — no + verb + nunca
You will use the same new form in all five practices, but the situation changes each time.
Position Build
Build the negative pattern you learned for “I never eat breakfast.” using this requested order: no + verb + nunca.
Rewrite Front
Select the sentence that uses the requested no + verb + nunca order for “I never sleep.”.
Dialogue Negative
In a mini-dialogue, answer negatively: “I never come.” Use this position pattern: no + verb + nunca.
Word Order Check
Listen to the English cue, then type the Spanish negative with the requested no + verb + nunca placement.
a new situation Negation
a new situation: Give “I never study.” while preserving this negative position: no + verb + nunca.
4
What you learned
Review & Reuse — 50 Practice Rolls
Skills from this module are mixed with previously learned present forms, person choices, spelling, and two previously introduced cognate examples.
Irregular Mix 01
Your turn means “I do/make.” Give the irregular form.
Irregular Mix 02
Describe he/she/usted: “says/tells.”
Irregular Mix 03
A fact is known by you: “I know.”
Irregular Mix 04
Movement cue: “I come.”
-go Pattern 01
Object cue: “I put.”
-go Pattern 02
Movement cue: “I leave/go out.”
-go Pattern 03
Sound cue: “I hear.”
Stem Eie 01
Thinking cue, yo: “I think.”
Stem Eie 02
Thinking cue, nosotros: “we think.”
Stem Eie 03
Starting cue, tú: “you start.”
Stem Eie 04
Preference cue, nosotros: “we prefer.”
Stem Eie 05
Wanting cue, ustedes: “you all want.”
Stem Eie 06
Coming cue, nosotros: “we come.”
Stem Oue 01
Ability cue, yo: “I can.”
Stem Oue 02
Return cue, ellos: “they return.”
Stem Oue 03
Return cue, nosotros: “we return.”
Stem Oue 04
Sleep cue, tú: “you sleep.”
Stem Oue 05
Sleep cue, nosotros: “we sleep.”
Stem Ei 01
Request cue, yo: “I ask for/request.”
Stem Ei 02
Request cue, nosotros: “we ask for/request.”
Stem Ei 03
Continue cue, yo: “I continue/follow.”
Stem Ei 04
Continue cue, ellos: “they continue/follow.”
Know 01
Two meanings, yo: fact first, familiarity second.
Know 02
Two meanings, nosotros: facts first, familiarity second.
Know 03
Two meanings, ellos/ustedes: facts first, familiarity second.
Routine 01
Morning routine cue: “I eat breakfast.”
Routine 02
Evening routine cue: “I eat dinner.”
Routine 03
Routine cue: “I sleep.”
Frequency 01
Say “I always work.”
Frequency 02
Say “I normally study.”
Frequency 03
Say “I sometimes speak.”
Frequency 04
Say “I never eat dinner” using nunca before the verb.
Frequency 05
Say “Every day I eat breakfast.”
Negative 01
Use the post-verbal nunca pattern for “I never work.”
Negative 02
Use the pre-verbal nunca pattern for “I never study.”
Prior Present 01
Earlier regular-present recall: “we work.”
Prior Present 02
Earlier regular-present recall: “they study.”
Prior Present 03
Earlier regular-present recall: “we speak.”
Prior Present 04
Earlier regular-present recall: “we eat.”
Prior Present 05
Earlier regular-present recall: “they live.”
Person Map 01
Speaker label: informal singular “you.”
Person Map 02
Speaker label: formal singular “you.”
Person Map 03
Speaker label: “we.”
Person Map 04
Speaker label: “you all” in Mexican Spanish.
Person Map 05
Speaker label: masculine/mixed “they.”
Cognate recall 01
Previously introduced example: English “organize” → Spanish.
Cognate recall 02
Previously introduced example: English “identify” → Spanish.
Spelling 01
Accent precision: type the Spanish “I know” (fact/how-to).
Spelling 02
Written-accent precision: type the infinitive meaning “to hear.”
Spelling 03
Write the complete frequency expression “every day.”
5
You can now
Combined Practice
Practice the same Spanish you have learned in different situations. No new Spanish is introduced.
a new situation 1
Say “Normally I work.”
a new situation 2
Say “Sometimes we eat.”
a new situation 3
Say “I never study.” Either learned nunca position is acceptable.
a new situation 4
Changed person: “we prefer.”
a new situation 5
Changed group: “they know (facts/information).”
a new situation 6
Changed meaning: “I know/am familiar with a person/place.”
a new situation 7
Movement plus known time word: “I come today.”
a new situation 8
Routine plus frequency: “Every day I eat breakfast.”
a new situation 9
Routine stem change: “I sleep.”
a new situation 10
Return, nosotros: “we return.”
a new situation 11
Request, yo: “I ask for/request.”
a new situation 12
Continue, yo: “I continue/follow.”
6
Show What You Can Do
Apply & Communicate
These five important practices show the module Can-Do. Reveal is support, not doing it without help; a Reveal activates an extra practice in a new situation task.
Can Do practice 1
A supplied routine says: normally work; sometimes study; never eat dinner; come today. Give four short Spanish sentences in that order.
Can Do practice 2
Build a four-step daily routine: every day I eat breakfast; I work; I eat dinner; I sleep.
Can Do practice 3
Three changed moments: I start; we return; I sleep. Give three short Spanish sentences.
Can Do practice 4
A friend asks two yes/no questions in English: Do you know the information? Do you know the place? Answer yes to both, fact first and familiarity second.
Can Do practice 5
Show both learned nunca positions: first “I never study,” then “I never work” using post-verbal nunca.
extra practice in a new situation
Only the extra practice task paired with a after using Reveal Practice Roll becomes active.
extra practice 1
Changed routine: normally study; always speak; sometimes eat; never work. Give four short Spanish sentences in that order.
extra practice 2
Changed four-step routine: every day I eat dinner; I study; I speak; I sleep.
extra practice 3
Changed moments: I think; we ask for/request; they continue/follow. Give three short Spanish sentences.
extra practice 4
Changed people: two questions in English ask whether they know the information and know the place. Answer yes to both, facts first and familiarity second.
extra practice 5
Changed negatives: first “I never speak,” then “I never eat dinner” using post-verbal nunca.
Ready to continue
Module 21 Best way to check yourself
0
without help
without help
0
Correct after retry
Correct after retry
0
Used Reveal
Used Reveal
0 / 5
Core Apply complete
Core Apply complete
Ready to continue:complete the five Apply tasks. Any Reveal on an important practice must be repaired in its new-situation task.