Person-to-auxiliary recall 1
What you will learn
Module 23 — What Is Happening Now
I can say what is happening right now and understand when Spanish does not use the progressive like English.
Four course lessons · H11–H12 · Contemporary Mexican Spanish
What you are learning
Learn & Recall — Estar + regular gerunds
Lesson 1 · — Estar Forms for Current Action
- estoy— I am [doing something now]
- estás— you are [doing something now]
- está— he/she/it is [doing something now]
- estamos— we are [doing something now]
- están— you all/they are [doing something now]
These forms combine with a gerund for a genuine action unfolding now.
Auxiliary meaning check 1
Read “estoy.” Type its English person meaning for current action.
Complete the current-action phrase 1
A current-action phrase pattern needs the estar helper for “I”: ___ + gerund. Write the helper.
Written-stress recall 1
Write the current-action estar form for “I” exactly as learned, including any required written accent.
Oral auxiliary recall 1
Say or type the present-progressive estar helper for “I.”
Person-to-auxiliary recall 2
For “you” in a present progressive, write only the learned estar form.
Auxiliary meaning check 2
Read “estás.” Type its English person meaning for current action.
Complete the current-action phrase 2
A current-action phrase pattern needs the estar helper for “you”: ___ + gerund. Write the helper.
Written-stress recall 2
Write the current-action estar form for “you” exactly as learned, including any required written accent.
Oral auxiliary recall 2
Say or type the present-progressive estar helper for “you.”
Person-to-auxiliary recall 3
For “one person/thing” in a present progressive, write only the learned estar form.
Auxiliary meaning check 3
Read “está.” Type its English person meaning for current action.
Complete the current-action phrase 3
A current-action phrase pattern needs the estar helper for “one person/thing”: ___ + gerund. Write the helper.
Written-stress recall 3
Write the current-action estar form for “one person/thing” exactly as learned, including any required written accent.
Oral auxiliary recall 3
Say or type the present-progressive estar helper for “one person/thing.”
Person-to-auxiliary recall 4
For “we” in a present progressive, write only the learned estar form.
Auxiliary meaning check 4
Read “estamos.” Type its English person meaning for current action.
Complete the current-action phrase 4
A current-action phrase pattern needs the estar helper for “we”: ___ + gerund. Write the helper.
Written-stress recall 4
Write the current-action estar form for “we” exactly as learned, including any required written accent.
Oral auxiliary recall 4
Say or type the present-progressive estar helper for “we.”
Person-to-auxiliary recall 5
For “you all / they” in a present progressive, write only the learned estar form.
Auxiliary meaning check 5
Read “están.” Type its English person meaning for current action.
Complete the current-action phrase 5
A current-action phrase pattern needs the estar helper for “you all / they”: ___ + gerund. Write the helper.
Written-stress recall 5
Write the current-action estar form for “you all / they” exactly as learned, including any required written accent.
Oral auxiliary recall 5
Say or type the present-progressive estar helper for “you all / they.”
Lesson 2 · — Gerund Forms
- -ando— learned regular -ar gerund ending
- -iendo— learned regular -er/-ir gerund ending
- hablando— speaking / talking
- comiendo— eating
- viviendo— living
Current-action pattern:estar form + gerund. Example:Estoy hablando.— I am speaking.
Ending pattern from -ar
A learned regular -ar verb becomes a gerund with which ending?
Pattern check from example
From the example you learned “hablando,” type only the gerund ending.
English pattern recall
Type the Spanish gerund ending learned for regular -ar verbs.
Spoken ending recall
Say or type the regular -ar gerund ending.
Ending contrast selection
For a regular -ar gerund, choose the ending you learned rather than the -er/-ir ending.
Ending pattern from -er/-ir
A learned regular -er or -ir verb becomes a gerund with which ending?
Pattern check from examples
From “comiendo” and “viviendo,” type only their shared gerund ending.
English pattern recall for -iendo
Type the Spanish gerund ending learned for regular -er/-ir verbs.
Spoken -iendo recall
Say or type the regular -er/-ir gerund ending.
Compare the Endings
For a regular -ir gerund, write the ending that is not -ando.
Infinitive-to-gerund build hablar
Build the gerund you learned of hablar.
Meaning-to-form speaking
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “speaking / talking.”
Gerund meaning check hablar
Read “hablando.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action phrase build hablar
Say “I am speaking” using the learned current-action pattern.
Oral gerund recall hablar
Say or type the gerund you learned for hablar.
Infinitive-to-gerund build comer
Build the gerund you learned of comer.
Meaning-to-form eating
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “eating.”
Gerund meaning check comer
Read “comiendo.” Type its English meaning.
Second-person current action comer
Say “you are eating” using the learned current-action pattern.
Oral gerund recall comer
Say or type the gerund you learned for comer.
Infinitive-to-gerund build vivir
Build the gerund you learned of vivir.
Meaning-to-form living
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “living.”
Gerund meaning check vivir
Read “viviendo.” Type its English meaning.
Group current action vivir
Say “we are living” using the learned current-action pattern.
Oral gerund recall vivir
Say or type the gerund you learned for vivir.
Build & Connect
— Irregular Gerund Patterns
These six forms are specifically learned. Learn them as learned patterns; do not assume every present-tense stem-changing verb behaves the same way in the gerund.
- dormir → durmiendo— sleeping
- pedir → pidiendo— asking for / requesting
- seguir → siguiendo— continuing / following
- decir → diciendo— saying / telling
- venir → viniendo— coming
- leer → leyendo— reading
learned irregular build 1
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of dormir.
Irregular meaning recall 1
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “sleeping.”
Irregular meaning check 1
Read “durmiendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 1
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “he/she is sleeping.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 1
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for dormir; do not generalize from another verb.
learned irregular build 2
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of pedir.
Irregular meaning recall 2
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “asking for / requesting.”
Irregular meaning check 2
Read “pidiendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 2
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “I am asking for / requesting.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 2
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for pedir; do not generalize from another verb.
learned irregular build 3
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of seguir.
Irregular meaning recall 3
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “continuing / following.”
Irregular meaning check 3
Read “siguiendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 3
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “you are continuing / following.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 3
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for seguir; do not generalize from another verb.
learned irregular build 4
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of decir.
Irregular meaning recall 4
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “saying / telling.”
Irregular meaning check 4
Read “diciendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 4
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “he/she is saying / telling.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 4
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for decir; do not generalize from another verb.
learned irregular build 5
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of venir.
Irregular meaning recall 5
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “coming.”
Irregular meaning check 5
Read “viniendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 5
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “they / you all are coming.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 5
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for venir; do not generalize from another verb.
learned irregular build 6
Write the specifically learned irregular gerund of leer.
Irregular meaning recall 6
Write the Spanish gerund meaning “reading.”
Irregular meaning check 6
Read “leyendo.” Type its English meaning.
Current-action assembly irregular 6
Build the learned current-action phrase meaning “we are reading.”
No-overgeneralization oral recall 6
Say or type only the Module 23 gerund you learned for leer; do not generalize from another verb.
Compare Spanish and English
Lesson 3 · — English -ing vs Spanish Gerund
English uses-ingmore broadly than Spanish uses the progressive. Spanishestar + gerundis for a genuine action unfolding now in this lesson.
introduced comparison:I'm going tomorrow. ↔ Voy mañana.
Do not automatically copy every English -ing form into a Spanish progressive.
Planned-tomorrow contrast
English can say “I’m going tomorrow.” Use the introduced Spanish comparison for that plan.
Progressive-overuse prevention
This is a tomorrow plan, not an action unfolding right now. Write the Spanish you learned model.
Comparison check
Read “Voy mañana.” Type the English comparison meaning.
Timeframe choice recall
For the introduced “tomorrow” comparison, choose the simple Spanish form rather than an automatic progressive.
Oral planned-action use in a new situation
Say or type the Spanish you learned comparison for “I’m going tomorrow.”
What you learned
Review & Reuse
Review Module 23 current-action language and spaced earlier-module language without introducing new Spanish.
Changed-person practice 1
Changed current scene 1: write “I am speaking.”
Current-scene reconstruction 2
Changed current scene 2: write “you are eating.”
English-to-Spanish current action 3
Changed current scene 3: write “he/she is sleeping.”
Rapid progressive recall 4
Changed current scene 4: write “we are reading.”
Current-action message 5
Changed current scene 5: write “they / you all are coming.”
Changed-person practice 6
Changed current scene 6: write “I am asking for / requesting.”
Current-scene reconstruction 7
Changed current scene 7: write “you are continuing / following.”
English-to-Spanish current action 8
Changed current scene 8: write “he/she is saying / telling.”
Rapid progressive recall 9
Changed current scene 9: write “we are living.”
Current-action message 10
Changed current scene 10: write “they / you all are eating.”
Changed-person practice 11
Changed current scene 11: write “I am speaking.”
Current-scene reconstruction 12
Changed current scene 12: write “you are eating.”
English-to-Spanish current action 13
Changed current scene 13: write “he/she is sleeping.”
Rapid progressive recall 14
Changed current scene 14: write “we are reading.”
Current-action message 15
Changed current scene 15: write “they / you all are coming.”
Changed-person practice 16
Changed current scene 16: write “I am asking for / requesting.”
Current-scene reconstruction 17
Changed current scene 17: write “you are continuing / following.”
English-to-Spanish current action 18
Changed current scene 18: write “he/she is saying / telling.”
Rapid progressive recall 19
Changed current scene 19: write “we are living.”
Current-action message 20
Changed current scene 20: write “they / you all are eating.”
Changed-person practice 21
Changed current scene 21: write “I am speaking.”
Current-scene reconstruction 22
Changed current scene 22: write “you are eating.”
English-to-Spanish current action 23
Changed current scene 23: write “he/she is sleeping.”
Rapid progressive recall 24
Changed current scene 24: write “we are reading.”
Current-action message 25
Changed current scene 25: write “they / you all are coming.”
Gerund rebuild 1
From the infinitive you already know hablar, write its Module 23 gerund.
Form Practice 2
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “eating.”
Build the spelling from memory 3
From the infinitive you already know vivir, write its Module 23 gerund.
Meaning-driven gerund 4
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “sleeping.”
Oral gerund check 5
From the infinitive you already know pedir, write its Module 23 gerund.
Pattern-limited recall 6
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “continuing / following.”
Gerund rebuild 7
From the infinitive you already know decir, write its Module 23 gerund.
Form Practice 8
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “coming.”
Build the spelling from memory 9
From the infinitive you already know leer, write its Module 23 gerund.
Meaning-driven gerund 10
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “speaking.”
Oral gerund check 11
From the infinitive you already know comer, write its Module 23 gerund.
Pattern-limited recall 12
Write the Spanish you learned gerund for “living.”
Prior-module later review 1
Morning recall: write “I get up.”
Prior-module later review 2
Morning recall: write “I bathe.”
Prior-module later review 3
Dressing recall: write “I get dressed.”
Prior-module later review 4
Bedtime recall: write “I go to bed.”
Prior-module later review 5
Frequency recall: write “always.”
Prior-module later review 6
Frequency recall: write “normally.”
Prior-module later review 7
Frequency recall: write “sometimes.”
Prior-module later review 8
Frequency recall: write “never.”
Prior-module later review 9
Frequency recall: write “every day.”
Prior-module later review 10
Negation recall: write “I never work” with nunca before the verb.
Prior-module later review 11
Irregular-present recall: write the first-person form “I do / make.”
Prior-module later review 12
Irregular-present recall: write the first-person form “I say / tell.”
Prior-module later review 13
Stem-change recall: write “I sleep.”
Build across skills
Combined Practice
new-situation combination 1
A live scene shows you speaking. Write the full Spanish current-action phrase.
new-situation combination 2
A live scene shows another person sleeping. Write the full Spanish current-action phrase.
new-situation combination 3
A live scene shows your group reading. Write the full Spanish current-action phrase.
new-situation combination 4
A live scene shows several people coming. Write the full Spanish current-action phrase.
new-situation combination 5
Someone asks what you are doing now: write “I am eating.”
new-situation combination 6
Someone asks what you are doing now: write “I am living.”
new-situation combination 7
Rebuild the irregular current action “you are following / continuing.”
new-situation combination 8
Rebuild the irregular current action “he/she is saying / telling.”
new-situation combination 9
The cue is a plan for tomorrow, not an unfolding action: “I’m going tomorrow.”
new-situation combination 10
Switch person: “we are speaking.”
new-situation combination 11
Switch person: “you all / they are asking for / requesting.”
new-situation combination 12
Switch action: “you are reading.”
Apply & Communicate
Show the Can-Do
Use the module skill in different situations. Reveal does not count as doing it without help.
Show What You Can Do 1
Current scene: tell someone “I am speaking.”
Show What You Can Do 2
Current scene: report “we are reading.”
Show What You Can Do 3
Current scene: report “they are coming.”
Show What You Can Do 4
Current scene: report “he/she is saying / telling.”
Show What You Can Do 5
A tomorrow plan is described in English as “I’m going tomorrow.” Give the introduced Spanish comparison.
extra practice in a new situation
Reveal extra practice
These appear only when an Apply Practice Roll used Reveal.
Reveal extra practice 1
Changed current scene: tell someone “I am eating.”
Reveal extra practice 2
Changed current scene: report “we are living.”
Reveal extra practice 3
Changed current scene: report “they are sleeping.”
Reveal extra practice 4
Changed current scene: report “he/she is asking for / requesting.”
Reveal extra practice 5
Changed planned context: again express the introduced tomorrow plan without a progressive.
You can now
Show What You Can Do
You can build learned present progressives withestar + gerund, form the learned regular and irregular gerunds, and avoid automatically transferring English-ingto the introduced tomorrow comparison. You are ready to continue when the Apply & Communicate tasks have no unresolved Reveal extra practice.