Say where you are from, say where you live, understand why Spanish can omit a clear “I,” choose basic subject pronouns, use Mexican tú/usted/ustedes, and connect subjects to the learned present SER forms for identity/origin.
Lesson 1
Say Where I Am From
Spanish ↔ English
English usually says “I”; Spanish often does not need to.
English normally requires the subject in “I am from…”. Spanish can let the verb form carry that relationship. You first learn the useful origin pattern, then see why the subject can disappear.
New Spanish
Use it
soy
English:I am — used here for identity/origin
First-person present form of SER. Use it here to say where you are from; you will learn the remaining SER forms in Lesson 6.
Pronunciation:soy
New Spanish
Use it
de
English:from — for origin in this lesson
Use de after the origin form to connect the speaker with a place. Other meanings of de come later.
Pronunciation:deh
New Spanish
Use it
Soy de [PLACE].
English:I am from [PLACE].
Use this complete origin pattern. Replace [PLACE] with a place name you know.
Pronunciation:soy deh …
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 1
Building block
Build the first piece from meaning. Without looking back, say it aloud first, then type the Spanish for: “I am”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Retrieve the smallest useful piece first. Do not try to memorize a list; construct it from meaning.
Pattern Reminder: Building-block step: retrieve one known piece cleanly before expanding it.
Spanish
soy
English
I am
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 2
Short build
Grow the building block into a short usable phrase. Say it first, then type the Spanish for: “I am from”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Keep the new item active and add only language you already know. Build toward: I am from
Pattern Reminder: Expansion drill: keep the core item and add one known piece.
Spanish
soy de
English
I am from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 3
Variation / substitution
Change or add one known piece while keeping the structure. Build the Spanish for: “I am from Canadá.”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Reuse the structure instead of starting from zero. Change only what the meaning requires.
Pattern Reminder: Variation/substitution drill: preserve the frame, change the needed person, place, action, object, or connector.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá.
English
I am from Canadá.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 4
Listen & rebuild
Listen once to the complete Spanish for: “I am from Guerrero.” Reconstruct it from the audio, say it back, then type it.
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Listen for chunks, not isolated words. Rebuild the sentence in the same order you heard it.
Pattern Reminder: Audio reconstruction: hear the complete pattern, reproduce it, then verify the written form.
Spanish
Soy de Guerrero.
English
I am from Guerrero.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 5
Full response build
Full build. Assemble the known pieces into this complete message: “I am from Zihuatanejo.” Say the whole answer aloud before typing it.
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Think in chunks and connectors. Build the message from known pieces rather than translating one word at a time.
Pattern Reminder: Response drill: retrieve the full message quickly and naturally from meaning.
Spanish
Hola. Soy de Zihuatanejo.
English
I am from Zihuatanejo.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 6
Origin relation: connector recall
The English meaning needs “from.” Type only the Spanish connector you just learned. Focus: connect a speaker to origin.
Phonetic:deh
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
de
English
from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 7
Origin relation: audio connector
Play the Spanish audio and type the short connector you hear. Focus: hear the origin connector.
Phonetic:deh
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
de
English
from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 8
Complete the origin phrase
Complete the already learned first-person phrase pattern for a place relation by typing only the missing connector. Focus: complete an origin relationship.
Phonetic:deh
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
de
English
from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 9
Origin relation: relation contrast
Choose the Spanish connector that carries the exact relation “from” in this lesson. Type only that connector. Focus: separate origin from later meanings.
Phonetic:deh
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
de
English
from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 10
Origin relation: two-word build
Build the two-word Spanish start that carries the current first-person form plus “from.” Do not add a place yet. Focus: build the start of an origin statement.
Phonetic:soy deh
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
soy de
English
I am from
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 11
Origin: Step 1
Give the complete Spanish origin statement for México. Do not add an unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:soy deh …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Soy de México.
English
I am from México.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 12
Origin: Step 2
A profile changes the place to Canadá. Give the complete Spanish origin pattern.
Phonetic:soy deh …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá.
English
I am from Canadá.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 13
Origin: Step 3
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type the complete origin sentence.
Phonetic:soy deh …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Soy de Guerrero.
English
I am from Guerrero.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 14
Origin: Step 4
A second person asks for the same type of information, but the place is now Toronto. Give the complete sentence. Origin-profile check: answer a second request for origin information, not residence.
Phonetic:soy deh …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Soy de Toronto.
English
I am from Toronto.
Lesson 1 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 15
Origin: Step 5
Open with the already-known greeting, then give the origin statement for Zihuatanejo.
Phonetic:soy deh …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Hola. Soy de Zihuatanejo.
English
I am from Zihuatanejo.
Lesson 2
Say Where I Live
Spanish ↔ English
Origin and residence are different ideas.
Originanswers where you are from.Residenceanswers where you live now. Spanish uses different first-person forms for those meanings.
New Spanish
Use it
vivo
English:I live / I reside
First-person form used here. The other forms of vivir comes later.
Pronunciation:BEE-boh
New Spanish
Use it
en
English:in / at — location
Use en here to connect living/residence with a place.
Pronunciation:ehn
New Spanish
Use it
Vivo en [CITY].
English:I live in [CITY].
A complete residence pattern. [CITY] is a place name you can change.
Pronunciation:BEE-boh ehn …
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 16
Building block
Build the first piece from meaning. Without looking back, say it aloud first, then type the Spanish for: “I live / I reside”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Retrieve the smallest useful piece first. Do not try to memorize a list; construct it from meaning.
Pattern Reminder: Building-block step: retrieve one known piece cleanly before expanding it.
Spanish
vivo
English
I live / I reside
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 17
Short build
Grow the building block into a short usable phrase. Say it first, then type the Spanish for: “I live in”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Keep the new item active and add only language you already know. Build toward: I live in
Pattern Reminder: Expansion drill: keep the core item and add one known piece.
Spanish
Vivo en
English
I live in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 18
Variation / substitution
Change or add one known piece while keeping the structure. Build the Spanish for: “I live in Toronto.”
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Reuse the structure instead of starting from zero. Change only what the meaning requires.
Pattern Reminder: Variation/substitution drill: preserve the frame, change the needed person, place, action, object, or connector.
Spanish
Vivo en Toronto.
English
I live in Toronto.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 19
Listen & rebuild
Listen once to the complete Spanish for: “I live in Zihuatanejo.” Reconstruct it from the audio, say it back, then type it.
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Listen for chunks, not isolated words. Rebuild the sentence in the same order you heard it.
Pattern Reminder: Audio reconstruction: hear the complete pattern, reproduce it, then verify the written form.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 20
Full response build
Full build. Assemble the known pieces into this complete message: “I live in Canadá.” Say the whole answer aloud before typing it.
Phonetic: Use Listen for the complete Mexican-Spanish model, then repeat it aloud.
Hint: Think in chunks and connectors. Build the message from known pieces rather than translating one word at a time.
Pattern Reminder: Response drill: retrieve the full message quickly and naturally from meaning.
Spanish
Hola. Vivo en Canadá.
English
I live in Canadá.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 21
Residence relation: connector recall
The English meaning needs “in.” Type only the Spanish connector you just learned. Focus: connect residence to a city.
Phonetic:ehn
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
en
English
in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 22
Residence relation: audio connector
Play the Spanish audio and type the short connector you hear. Focus: hear the location connector.
Phonetic:ehn
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
en
English
in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 23
Complete the location phrase
Complete the already learned first-person phrase pattern for a place relation by typing only the missing connector. Focus: complete a residence relationship.
Phonetic:ehn
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
en
English
in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 24
Residence relation: relation contrast
Choose the Spanish connector that carries the exact relation “in” in this lesson. Type only that connector. Focus: choose the current location meaning.
Phonetic:ehn
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
en
English
in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 25
Residence relation: two-word build
Build the two-word Spanish start that carries the current first-person form plus “in.” Do not add a place yet. Focus: build the start of a residence statement.
Phonetic:Vivo ehn
Hint:Use the current first-person form and/or the new connector only.
Pattern Reminder:Use what you have learned together; no new vocabulary is needed.
Spanish
Vivo en
English
I live in
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 26
Residence: Step 1
Give the complete Spanish residence statement for Zihuatanejo. Do not add an unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:BEE-boh ehn …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 27
Residence: Step 2
A profile changes the place to Toronto. Give the complete Spanish residence pattern.
Phonetic:BEE-boh ehn …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Vivo en Toronto.
English
I live in Toronto.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 28
Residence: Step 3
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type the complete residence sentence.
Phonetic:BEE-boh ehn …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Vivo en México.
English
I live in México.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 29
Residence: Step 4
A second person asks for the same type of information, but the place is now Guerrero. Give the complete sentence. Try it again: answer a second request for current living-location information, not origin.
Phonetic:BEE-boh ehn …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Vivo en Guerrero.
English
I live in Guerrero.
Lesson 2 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 30
Residence: Step 5
Open with the already-known greeting, then give the residence statement for Canadá.
Phonetic:BEE-boh ehn …
Hint:Use only the complete pattern shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Change the place name as needed; the Spanish phrase stays the same.
Spanish
Hola. Vivo en Canadá.
English
I live in Canadá.
Lesson 3
Why Spanish Can Drop 'I'
Grammar Through English
Spanish can drop a clear subject pronoun.
English normally says “I live…” or “I pay…”. Spanish can naturally use a known first-person verb form without adding the subject pronoun when the speaker is clear.
Grammar / Meaning Rule
rule
(yo) + known first-person verb
English:Spanish can omit “I” when the verb/context already makes the subject clear.
Natural Spanish often says Soy…, Vivo…, Pago…, or Me llamo… without an unnecessary yo. This lesson practices the relationship; yo itself is introduced for you to use in Lesson 4.
Pronunciation:No new pronunciation focus.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 31
Compact origin statement
Say naturally in Spanish, without an unnecessary subject pronoun: “I am from Mexico.”
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Use the origin phrase pattern and leave the optional subject unspoken.
Pattern Reminder:A known first-person form can make “I” clear.
Spanish
Soy de México.
English
I am from Mexico.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 32
Compact residence statement
Say naturally in Spanish, without an unnecessary subject pronoun: “I live in Zihuatanejo.”
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Use the residence phrase pattern only.
Pattern Reminder:Spanish often omits a clear first-person subject.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 33
Compact cash payment
At checkout, say naturally in Spanish: “I pay in cash.” Do not add an unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Recall the already-known payment phrase pattern.
Pattern Reminder:The first-person verb form already carries the speaker relationship.
Spanish
Pago en efectivo.
English
I pay in cash.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 34
Compact card payment
At a second checkout, say naturally in Spanish: “I pay by card.” Do not add an unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Use the known payment phrase pattern.
Pattern Reminder:No extra subject is needed when the speaker is already clear.
Spanish
Pago con tarjeta.
English
I pay by card.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 35
Compact name statement
Give the already-known natural name statement for Ana without adding a separate subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Recall the known name phrase pattern.
Pattern Reminder:Do not force English “I” into a Spanish phrase pattern that already works naturally.
Spanish
Me llamo Ana.
English
My name is Ana / I am called Ana.
Lesson 3 · Grammar Rule Practice · Practice Roll 36
Changed origin omission
A new profile says the speaker is from Canada. Give the natural compact Spanish statement without an explicit subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint:Keep the sentence compact.
Pattern Reminder:This lesson practices omission, not a new verb form.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá.
English
I am from Canada.
Lesson 4
Subject Pronouns
Subject Map
Pronouns clarify who acts.
Spanish subject pronouns are useful for identification or contrast, but Spanish may omit them when the verb/context already makes the subject clear.
New Spanish
Use it
yo
English:I — subject pronoun
Use when the subject needs emphasis or clarification; Spanish often omits it when the verb/context is already clear.
Pronunciation:yoh
New Spanish
Use it
tú
English:you — familiar singular subject pronoun
The accent matters: tú is the subject pronoun; tu without the accent has another meaning introduced later.
Mexican Spanish uses usted for one respectful/formal listener.
Pronunciation:oos-TEHD
New Spanish
Use it
él
English:he — subject pronoun
The accent matters: él is the pronoun; el without the accent is a different word.
Pronunciation:ehl
New Spanish
Use it
ella
English:she — subject pronoun
Use for one female person being talked about.
Pronunciation:EH-yah
New Spanish
Use it
nosotros / nosotras
English:we — mixed/masculine group / all-female group
The speaker is included in the group.
Pronunciation:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
New Spanish
Use it
ustedes
English:you all / plural you — Mexican Spanish
This is the plural-you form for this Mexico-focused course.
Pronunciation:oos-TEH-dehs
New Spanish
Use it
ellos / ellas
English:they — mixed/masculine group / all-female group
Use ellos for a male/mixed group and ellas for an all-female group.
Pronunciation:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
recognize it for now
check
vosotros / vosotras
English:you all — Spain-oriented form, recognize it for now
Recognize it if encountered, but do not use it in this Mexican Spanish course. No vosotros verb form is introduced.
Pronunciation:recognize it for now.
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 37
Subject pronoun — I: Recall from memory
The English cue means “I.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to the speaker themself in an explicit contrast.
Phonetic:yoh
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 38
Subject pronoun — I: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to a self-reference that needs emphasis.
Phonetic:yoh
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 39
Subject pronoun — I: Choose the right form
The role is the current speaker before a contrast with another person. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:yoh
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 40
Subject pronoun — I: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to one speaker clarifying that they—not someone else—act.
Phonetic:yoh
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 41
Subject pronoun — I: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “I.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to a changed self-reference where the subject must be explicit.
Phonetic:yoh
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 42
Subject pronoun — you — familiar singular: Recall from memory
The English cue means “you — familiar singular.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to one familiar person you are directly addressing.
Phonetic:too
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 43
Subject pronoun — you — familiar singular: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to one friend in a casual singular exchange.
Phonetic:too
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 44
Subject pronoun — you — familiar singular: Choose the right form
The role is one familiar listener contrasted with a respectful listener. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:too
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 45
Subject pronoun — you — familiar singular: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to one singular familiar addressee before a verb.
Phonetic:too
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 46
Subject pronoun — you — familiar singular: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “you — familiar singular.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to a changed casual one-person address.
Phonetic:too
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 47
Subject pronoun — you — respectful/formal singular: Recall from memory
The English cue means “you — respectful/formal singular.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to one respectful singular listener.
Phonetic:oos-TEHD
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 48
Subject pronoun — you — respectful/formal singular: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to one formal singular addressee.
Phonetic:oos-TEHD
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 49
Subject pronoun — you — respectful/formal singular: Choose the right form
The role is one adult addressed respectfully in a guided exchange. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:oos-TEHD
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 50
Subject pronoun — you — respectful/formal singular: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to one singular listener where respectful style is required.
Phonetic:oos-TEHD
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 51
Subject pronoun — you — respectful/formal singular: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “you — respectful/formal singular.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to a changed formal one-person address.
Phonetic:oos-TEHD
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 52
Subject pronoun — he: Recall from memory
The English cue means “he.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to one male person being talked about.
Phonetic:ehl
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
él
English
he
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 53
Subject pronoun — he: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to one man identified as the subject.
Phonetic:ehl
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
él
English
he
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 54
Subject pronoun — he: Choose the right form
The role is one male third-person subject in a contrast. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:ehl
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
él
English
he
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 55
Subject pronoun — he: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to one male person whose subject role must be explicit.
Phonetic:ehl
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
él
English
he
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 56
Subject pronoun — he: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “he.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to a changed male third-person reference.
Phonetic:ehl
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
él
English
he
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 57
Subject pronoun — she: Recall from memory
The English cue means “she.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to one female person being talked about.
Phonetic:EH-yah
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 58
Subject pronoun — she: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to one woman identified as the subject.
Phonetic:EH-yah
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 59
Subject pronoun — she: Choose the right form
The role is one female third-person subject in a contrast. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:EH-yah
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 60
Subject pronoun — she: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to one female person whose subject role must be explicit.
Phonetic:EH-yah
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 61
Subject pronoun — she: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “she.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to a changed female third-person reference.
Phonetic:EH-yah
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 62
Speaker group — mixed
The speaker belongs to a mixed-gender group. Give the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “we” for that group.
Phonetic:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
Hint:The speaker is included in this group.
Pattern Reminder:Choose mixed/masculine or all-female speaker-group form.
Spanish
nosotros
English
we — mixed/masculine group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 63
Speaker group — all female
The speaker belongs to an all-female group. Give the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “we” for that group.
Phonetic:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
Hint:The speaker is included in this group.
Pattern Reminder:Choose mixed/masculine or all-female speaker-group form.
Spanish
nosotras
English
we — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 64
Speaker group — audio
Listen to the Spanish pronoun for an all-female speaker group and type what you hear.
Phonetic:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
Hint:The speaker is included in this group.
Pattern Reminder:Choose mixed/masculine or all-female speaker-group form.
Spanish
nosotras
English
we — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 65
Speaker group — contrast
A group includes the speaker and at least one male person. Give the Spanish “we” pronoun that fits.
Phonetic:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
Hint:The speaker is included in this group.
Pattern Reminder:Choose mixed/masculine or all-female speaker-group form.
Spanish
nosotros
English
we — mixed/masculine group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 66
Speaker group — a new situation
Two women are speaking as one group. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “we.”
Phonetic:noh-SOH-trohs / noh-SOH-trahs
Hint:The speaker is included in this group.
Pattern Reminder:Choose mixed/masculine or all-female speaker-group form.
Spanish
nosotras
English
we — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 67
Mexican plural-you pronoun: Recall from memory
The English cue means “you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to address several people together.
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 68
Mexican plural-you pronoun: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to speak to a plural audience in Mexico.
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 69
Mexican plural-you pronoun: Choose the right form
The role is distinguish plural you from one respectful listener. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 70
Mexican plural-you pronoun: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to clarify that multiple listeners are the subject.
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 71
Mexican plural-you pronoun: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to address a changed group of listeners.
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 72
Third-person group — mixed
A mixed-gender group is being talked about, not addressed. Give the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “they.”
Phonetic:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
Hint:They are being talked about, not addressed directly.
Pattern Reminder:Use the mixed/masculine or all-female third-person plural form.
Spanish
ellos
English
they — mixed/masculine group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 73
Third-person group — all female
An all-female group is being talked about. Give the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “they.”
Phonetic:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
Hint:They are being talked about, not addressed directly.
Pattern Reminder:Use the mixed/masculine or all-female third-person plural form.
Spanish
ellas
English
they — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 74
Third-person group — audio
Listen to the Spanish pronoun for an all-female third-person group and type what you hear.
Phonetic:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
Hint:They are being talked about, not addressed directly.
Pattern Reminder:Use the mixed/masculine or all-female third-person plural form.
Spanish
ellas
English
they — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 75
Third-person group — contrast
The people are a male/mixed group and are not being directly addressed. Give the Spanish “they” pronoun.
Phonetic:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
Hint:They are being talked about, not addressed directly.
Pattern Reminder:Use the mixed/masculine or all-female third-person plural form.
Spanish
ellos
English
they — mixed/masculine group
Lesson 4 · Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 76
Third-person group — a new situation
Three women are being described as a group. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun meaning “they.”
Phonetic:EH-yohs / EH-yahs
Hint:They are being talked about, not addressed directly.
Pattern Reminder:Use the mixed/masculine or all-female third-person plural form.
Spanish
ellas
English
they — all-female group
Lesson 4 · Practice Roll 77
Spain Spanish: vosotros / vosotras
You may see vosotros or vosotras in Spanish from Spain. In Mexican Spanish, which pronoun do you use when speaking to more than one person? Type the Spanish pronoun.
Phonetic: oo-STEH-dehs
Hint:Use the plural-you pronoun you just learned for Mexico.
Pattern Reminder:You may recognize vosotros/vosotras in Spain. In Mexican Spanish, use ustedes for plural “you.”
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you in Mexican Spanish
Lesson 4 · Practice Roll 78
Mexico practice choice
Several people are being addressed in Mexico. Type the Spanish pronoun this course uses for plural “you.”
Phonetic:oos-TEH-dehs
Hint:Use the Mexican Spanish plural-you form.
Pattern Reminder:The Spain-oriented alternative is something to recognize for now.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you
Lesson 5
Mexican You: Tú, Usted, Ustedes
Mexico Focus
One familiar person, one respectful person, or several people.
For this course:túis familiar singular,ustedis respectful/formal singular, andustedesis plural “you.” The Spain-oriented vosotros/vosotras form is something to recognize for now.
Match person to the present form—without a permanent/temporary shortcut.
The present forms you learned here issoy, eres, es, somos, son. It is used first for identity/origin functions already learned. The Spain-oriented vosotros verb form is not introduced.
yosoy
túeres
usted / él / ellaes
nosotros / nosotrassomos
ustedes / ellos / ellasson
recognize it for now
check
SER
English:the verb label “to be” for identity/origin here
In this lesson, the SER forms are soy, eres, es, somos, son. Do not use a permanent/temporary shortcut.
Pronunciation:sehr
New Spanish
Use it
eres
English:you are — familiar singular form of SER
Use with tú when the subject is stated; the subject can later be omitted when context is clear.
Pronunciation:EH-rehs
New Spanish
Use it
somos
English:we are — nosotros/nosotras form of SER
Use with nosotros/nosotras when the subject is stated.
Pronunciation:SOH-mohs
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 87
SER familiar-singular form: Recall from memory
The English cue means “you are — familiar singular.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to connect one familiar subject to origin.
Phonetic:EH-rehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
eres
English
you are — familiar singular
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 88
SER familiar-singular form: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to hear the new second-person form.
Phonetic:EH-rehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
eres
English
you are — familiar singular
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 89
SER familiar-singular form: Choose the right form
The role is match a familiar singular subject to SER. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:EH-rehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
eres
English
you are — familiar singular
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 90
SER familiar-singular form: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to reconstruct the new form before an origin phrase.
Phonetic:EH-rehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
eres
English
you are — familiar singular
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 91
SER familiar-singular form: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “you are — familiar singular.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to use the familiar form in a changed origin cue.
Phonetic:EH-rehs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
eres
English
you are — familiar singular
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 92
SER first-person-plural form: Recall from memory
The English cue means “we are.” Type only the Spanish form you just learned. Use it to connect a speaker group to origin.
Phonetic:SOH-mohs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
somos
English
we are
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 93
SER first-person-plural form: Listen and type
Listen to the Spanish prompt audio and type exactly the form you hear. Use it to hear the new we-form.
Phonetic:SOH-mohs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
somos
English
we are
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 94
SER first-person-plural form: Choose the right form
The role is match a speaker-inclusive group to SER. Type the Spanish form that matches the speaker; do not add a sentence.
Phonetic:SOH-mohs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
somos
English
we are
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 95
SER first-person-plural form: Build the spelling from memory
A partner asks you to recall the new form from memory after hearing it once. Type the complete Spanish form. Use it to reconstruct the new group form.
Phonetic:SOH-mohs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
somos
English
we are
Practice It Five Ways · Practice Roll 96
SER first-person-plural form: practice in a new situation
In a new situation, the intended meaning is “we are.” Give only the Spanish form. Use it to use the we-form in a changed origin cue.
Phonetic:SOH-mohs
Hint:Recall the new form shown just above.
Pattern Reminder:Match the meaning and the person before adding any other words.
Spanish
somos
English
we are
SER forms Practice · Practice Roll 97
Talk about yourself
The explicit subject is the speaker themself. Type the present SER form already known for that subject.
Phonetic:Recall the form from the table.
Hint:Match the person to the five forms learned in this lesson.
Recall current and earlier language in different situations. This section uses only Spanish you have already learned.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 107
Origin extra practice — first-person form
A new travel profile says: “I am from Canada.” Give the compact Spanish origin sentence.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá.
English
I am from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 108
Origin extra practice — connector
A second profile says: “I am from Mexico.” Give the complete compact Spanish statement.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Soy de México.
English
I am from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 109
Origin extra practice — full pattern
The speaker's origin is Guerrero. Give the complete compact Spanish origin statement.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Soy de Guerrero.
English
I am from Guerrero.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 110
Residence extra practice — first-person form
A new residence card says: “I live in Toronto.” Give the compact Spanish residence sentence.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Vivo en Toronto.
English
I live in Toronto.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 111
Residence extra practice — connector
The speaker lives in Mexico. Give the complete compact Spanish residence statement.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Vivo en México.
English
I live in Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 112
Residence extra practice — full pattern
The speaker now lives in Zihuatanejo. Give the complete compact Spanish residence statement.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 113
Pronoun extra practice — self
The speaker must explicitly contrast themself with another person. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun for “I.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
yo
English
I
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 114
Pronoun extra practice — familiar you
One familiar person is being addressed. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
tú
English
you — familiar singular
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 115
Pronoun extra practice — respectful you
One person is being addressed respectfully. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
usted
English
you — respectful/formal singular
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 116
Pronoun extra practice — he
One male person is being talked about. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
él
English
he
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 117
Pronoun extra practice — she
One female person is being talked about. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
ella
English
she
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 118
Pronoun extra practice — we
An all-female group includes the speaker. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
nosotras
English
we — all-female group
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 119
Pronoun extra practice — plural you
Four people are being directly addressed in Mexico. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
ustedes
English
you all / plural you
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 120
Pronoun extra practice — they
An all-female group is being talked about. Give only the Spanish subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
ellas
English
they — all-female group
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 121
SER extra practice — familiar singular
One familiar listener is from Mexico. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated. Extra practice: try the familiar-singular SER/origin sequence again without help if needed.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Tú eres de México.
English
You are from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 122
SER extra practice — we
An all-female speaker group is from Canada. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Nosotras somos de Canadá.
English
We are from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 123
Greeting + origin
Open with the familiar neutral greeting, then say that you are from Mexico.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Hola. Soy de México.
English
Hello. I am from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 124
Morning name + origin
Open with the morning greeting, give the name Ana using the known name phrase pattern, then say the speaker is from Canada.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Buenos días. Me llamo Ana. Soy de Canadá.
English
Good morning. My name is Ana. I am from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 125
Name question exchange
Ask one familiar person their name using the known question, then answer as Luis.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
¿Cómo te llamas? Me llamo Luis.
English
What is your name? My name is Luis.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 126
Residence + closing
Say that you live in Zihuatanejo, then close with the known goodbye.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo. Adiós.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo. Goodbye.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 127
Phone information
Give the known phone-number phrase pattern with this fictional information: 55 12 34 56 78.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Mi número es 55 12 34 56 78.
English
My number is 55 12 34 56 78.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 128
Email information
Give the known email phrase pattern with this fictional email address: ana@mx.com.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Mi correo es ana@mx.com.
English
My email is ana@mx.com.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 129
Price question
Ask the known polite price question for one indicated item.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
¿Cuánto cuesta?
English
How much does it cost?
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 130
Price answer
State the price 40 pesos using the known plural price phrase pattern.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Son cuarenta pesos.
English
It is 40 pesos.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 131
Cash payment
State that you pay in cash, then thank the other person.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Pago en efectivo. Gracias.
English
I pay in cash. Thank you.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 132
Card payment
State that you pay by card, then thank the other person.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Pago con tarjeta. Gracias.
English
I pay by card. Thank you.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 133
Date question and answer
Ask today's date, then answer with August 10 using the known date pattern.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
¿Qué fecha es hoy? Es el diez de agosto.
English
What is today's date? It is August 10.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 134
Time question and answer
Ask the time, then answer that it is eight o'clock.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
¿Qué hora es? Son las ocho.
English
What time is it? It is eight o'clock.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 135
Morning time
State that it is eight in the morning.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Son las ocho de la mañana.
English
It is eight in the morning.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 136
Possibility recall
Ask the known yes/no possibility question, then answer yes.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
¿Es posible? Sí.
English
Is it possible? Yes.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 137
Name + origin + residence
Greet, say your name is Ana, say you are from Canada, and say you live in Zihuatanejo.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Hola. Me llamo Ana. Soy de Canadá. Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
Hello. My name is Ana. I am from Canada. I live in Zihuatanejo.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 138
Formal origin sentence
One respectful listener is from Mexico. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Usted es de México.
English
You are from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 139
Familiar origin sentence
One familiar listener is from Canada. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated. Try it in a new situation: use the familiar-singular origin sentence inside a later mixed-recall block.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Tú eres de Canadá.
English
You are from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 140
Plural audience origin
Several people being addressed are from Mexico. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Ustedes son de México.
English
You all are from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 141
Mixed third-person origin
A mixed group being talked about is from Canada. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Ellos son de Canadá.
English
They are from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 142
Female third-person origin
An all-female group being talked about is from Mexico. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Ellas son de México.
English
They are from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 143
Mixed speaker-group origin
A mixed group including the speaker is from Mexico. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Nosotros somos de México.
English
We are from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 144
Female speaker-group origin
An all-female group including the speaker is from Canada. Give the complete sentence with the subject stated.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Nosotras somos de Canadá.
English
We are from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 145
Explicit vs natural self
The task explicitly asks you to clarify the subject. State “I am from Mexico” with the Spanish subject pronoun included.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Yo soy de México.
English
I am from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 146
Compact self origin
Now say the same origin naturally without the unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Soy de México.
English
I am from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 147
Compact residence
Say naturally, without an unnecessary subject pronoun, that you live in Toronto.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint:Recall only language already learned in Modules 1–6.
Pattern Reminder:new-situation Review & Reuse; no new Spanish.
Spanish
Vivo en Toronto.
English
I live in Toronto.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 148
Building block
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, give the Spanish building block for “I am”.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
soy
English
I am
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 149
Building block
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, give the Spanish building block for “from”.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
de
English
from
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 150
Building block
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, give the Spanish building block for “I live”.
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
vivo
English
I live
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 151
Short build
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, construct this short Spanish expression from the pieces you already know: “in”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
en
English
in
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 152
Short build
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, construct this short Spanish expression from the pieces you already know: “I am from Canada.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá.
English
I am from Canada.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 153
Short build
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, construct this short Spanish expression from the pieces you already know: “I live in Zihuatanejo.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 154
Short build
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, construct this short Spanish expression from the pieces you already know: “My name is Ana.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Me llamo Ana.
English
My name is Ana.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 155
Build & transform
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, build and transform this naturally in Spanish: “I am from Mexico.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Soy de México.
English
I am from Mexico.
Review & Reuse · Practice Roll 156
Build & transform
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, build and transform this naturally in Spanish: “Hello. My name is Ana.”
Phonetic:Use the pronunciation rules already learned.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Hola. Me llamo Ana.
English
Hello. My name is Ana.
Combined Practice
Practice origin, residence, subject/pronoun meaning, SER forms, and earlier Can-Do language.
Combined Practice · Practice Roll 157
Hear & rebuild
While practicing Origin, Residence & Subject Pronouns, listen once, then rebuild the Spanish from memory. Recover this meaning: “I am from Canada. I live in Zihuatanejo.”
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: Build meaning first. Retrieve the smallest useful chunk, add the next meaningful chunk, then produce the whole utterance.
Pattern Reminder: V3 construction path: retrieve → substitute/transform → expand meaning → respond/communicate. Longer is only better when the meaning stays coherent.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá. Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I am from Canada. I live in Zihuatanejo.
Connector Build 1 · Retrieve
Add the connector “and”
Type the Spanish connector meaning “and.”
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: It is one short Spanish word.
Pattern Reminder: y joins related ideas.
Spanish
y
English
and
Connector Build 2 · Short sentence
Connect your origin and residence
Build one sentence: “I am from Canada and I live in Zihuatanejo.” Your saved learner details will replace the example when available.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: Build soy de + place, then y, then vivo en + place.
Pattern Reminder: idea 1 + y + idea 2
Spanish
Soy de Canadá y vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I am from Canada and I live in Zihuatanejo.
Connector Build 3 · Recombine
Connect your name and origin
Build one sentence: “My name is Ana and I am from Canada.” Your saved learner details will replace the example when available.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: Use me llamo, then y, then soy de.
Pattern Reminder: me llamo + name + y + soy de + place
Spanish
Me llamo Ana y soy de Canadá.
English
My name is Ana and I am from Canada.
Connector Build 4 · Transform
Reverse the two ideas
Say: “I live in Zihuatanejo and I am from Canada.” Your saved learner details will replace the example when available.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: Start with residence, then connect origin with y.
Pattern Reminder: vivo en + place + y + soy de + place
Spanish
Vivo en Zihuatanejo y soy de Canadá.
English
I live in Zihuatanejo and I am from Canada.
Connector Build 5 · Communicate
Give a connected personal introduction
Greet, give your name, and connect your origin and residence in one short introduction. Your saved learner details will replace the example when available.
Phonetic:Recall prior pronunciation.
Hint: Greeting → name → origin + y + residence.
Pattern Reminder: Hola. + Me llamo… + Soy de… y vivo en…
Spanish
Hola. Me llamo Ana. Soy de Canadá y vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
Hello. My name is Ana. I am from Canada and I live in Zihuatanejo.
Apply & Communicate
Show the Module 6 Can-Do in new situations without new required language.
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 163
Apply 1 — Introduce yourself
At a changed introduction, greet, give the name Luis, say you are from Mexico, and say you live in Toronto.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
Hola. Me llamo Luis. Soy de México. Vivo en Toronto.
English
Hello. My name is Luis. I am from Mexico. I live in Toronto.
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 164
Apply 2 — Familiar and respectful origin
Give two changed origin sentences: one familiar listener is from Canada; one respectful listener is from Mexico.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
Tú eres de Canadá. Usted es de México.
English
You are from Canada. You are from Mexico.
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 165
Apply 3 — Group origin forms
Give two changed group sentences: a mixed speaker group is from Canada; a plural audience is from Mexico.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
Nosotros somos de Canadá. Ustedes son de México.
English
We are from Canada. You all are from Mexico.
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 166
Apply 4 — Natural subject omission
Give two natural compact first-person statements: you are from Canada and live in Zihuatanejo. Do not add an unnecessary subject pronoun.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
Soy de Canadá. Vivo en Zihuatanejo.
English
I am from Canada. I live in Zihuatanejo.
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 167
Apply 5 — Identify who acts
Give the three Spanish subject pronouns, in order, for: one woman talked about; a mixed group talked about; several people directly addressed in Mexico.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
ella · ellos · ustedes
English
she · they · you all
Apply & Communicate · Practice Roll 168
Apply 6 — Combined information exchange
Open with the morning greeting, give the name Ana, say you are from Mexico, give the fictional email address ana@mx.com, and close with thanks.
Phonetic:Use prior pronunciation rules.
Hint:Perform the complete new-situation task using only Spanish you have learned.
Pattern Reminder:Final Practice: no new Spanish.
Spanish
Buenos días. Me llamo Ana. Soy de México. Mi correo es ana@mx.com. Gracias.
English
Good morning. My name is Ana. I am from Mexico. My email is ana@mx.com. Thank you.
Keep going.
Complete the Apply practice and any extra practice that appears.