Module 14
Nouns, Gender & Articles
Turn earlier plural awareness into a practical Spanish noun pattern: grammatical gender, article+noun memory units, un/una, plural formation, plural articles, agreement, two true cognates building blocks, and the formal reasonalanddelcontract.
What you will learnHow Spanish articles reveal noun gender and number.
What you are learningRecall complete noun phrases instead of bare translated nouns.
What you will showChoose article, gender and number accurately in different situations.
For now: Module 14 does not add colors or adjective agreement; those begin in Module 15. For now, just recognize stressed-a nouns in Lesson 6 are not words you need to use. New true cognates appear only after you learn the pattern.
Lesson 1
What Grammatical Gender Means
Grammar Through English
Grammar Through English
Grammatical gender
Spanish nouns belong to grammatical classes usually described as masculine or feminine.
This is a grammar category, not a statement about biological sex. English usually does not mark ordinary nouns this way.
What you learned:What Grammatical Gender Means is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 2
Learn the Article with the Noun
New Language + Quick Practice
New Language + Quick Practice
el documento
the document
Learn the article and noun together as one memory unit.
New Language + Quick Practice
la información
the information
You already know información; now bind it to its article: la información.
New Language + Quick Practice
la confirmación
the confirmation
Keep la attached to the noun in memory.
New Language + Quick Practice
la identificación
the identification
The article is part of the noun phrase you Recall.
New Language + Quick Practice
la documentación
the documentation
Learn the whole unit, not just the English-equivalent noun.
New Language + Quick Practice
el teléfono
the telephone / phone
You already know teléfono; this lesson adds the article+noun memory unit.
New Language + Quick Practice
la tarjeta
the card
Recall la tarjeta together.
What you learned:Learn the Article with the Noun is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 3
Building Blocks: -tion → -ción
Cognate Discovery Building Block
Cognate Discovery Building Block
asociación
association
Building Block: English-tionoften corresponds to Spanish-ciónmembers. About 500+ useful words follow this pattern. This introduces only true cognates in the pattern—never guess blindly.
What you learned:Building Blocks: -tion → -ción is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 4
Gender Clues Are Not Guarantees
Grammar Through English
Grammar Through English
el documento · la tarjeta
Use the article as a clue to the noun’s gender.
Endings such as -o and -a can be helpful clues, but they are not guarantees. The article+noun memory unit remains the reliable best way to remember it.
What you learned:Gender Clues Are Not Guarantees is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 5
Un & Una
New Language + Quick Practice
New Language + Quick Practice
un
a / an before a masculine singular learned noun
Example with Spanish you have learned: un documento.
New Language + Quick Practice
una
a / an before a feminine singular learned noun
Example with Spanish you have learned: una tarjeta.
What you learned:Un & Una is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 6
Gender Exceptions & Stressed Feminine A
Check + recall
Check + recall
el agua · las aguas
recognize it for now: water remains grammatically feminine
A feminine noun beginning with stressed a-/ha- can take singular el in this pattern you learned. Do not generalize beyond this check set.
Check + recall
el águila · las águilas
recognize it for now: eagle remains grammatically feminine
The singular el does not change the noun's grammatical gender. You will learn the adjective and demonstrative effects later.
What you learned:Gender Exceptions & Stressed Feminine A is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 7
Plural Formation
Grammar Through English
Grammar Through English
vowel + s
documento → documentos; tarjeta → tarjetas; teléfono → teléfonos
A common noun ending in a vowel normally forms the plural with -s.
Grammar Through English
common consonant + es
confirmación → confirmaciones; identificación → identificaciones
A common noun ending in a consonant normally adds -es.
Grammar Through English
z → ces
recognize the spelling pattern
Here you learn the z→ces spelling rule without adding a new z-ending noun.
What you learned:Plural Formation is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 8
Plural Articles
New Language + Quick Practice
New Language + Quick Practice
los
the — masculine/mixed plural article
Example: los documentos.
New Language + Quick Practice
las
the — feminine plural article
Example: las tarjetas.
New Language + Quick Practice
unos
some / a few — masculine/mixed plural
Example: unos teléfonos.
New Language + Quick Practice
unas
some / a few — feminine plural
Example: unas confirmaciones.
What you learned:Plural Articles is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 9
Article–Noun Agreement
Grammar Through English
Grammar Through English
el documento → los documentos
masculine singular → masculine plural
The article and noun agree in gender and number.
Grammar Through English
la tarjeta → las tarjetas
feminine singular → feminine plural
Agreement is a relationship across the noun phrase, not a separate translation step.
What you learned:Article–Noun Agreement is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 10
Articles: Spanish vs English
Grammar Through English
Grammar Through English
la información · el documento
Spanish article behavior does not always copy English article behavior.
Use the Spanish noun phrase you learned from meaning. Do not automatically add or remove an article because English does.
What you learned:Articles: Spanish vs English is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 11
Why AL and DEL Contract
Grammar Through English + recall
Grammar Through English + recall
a + el → al
required contraction with singular masculine definite article el
Example already introduced in Module 13: Voy al restaurante.
Grammar Through English + recall
de + el → del
required contraction with singular masculine definite article el
Example already introduced in Module 13: Vengo del restaurante.
Grammar Through English + recall
a la · de la · a los · de los · a las · de las
no contraction with la, los, or las
Only a + el and de + el contract in this pattern you learned.
What you learned:Why AL and DEL Contract is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Lesson 12
Building Blocks: -sion → -sión
Cognate Discovery Building Block
Cognate Discovery Building Block
decisión
decision
Building Block: English-sionoften corresponds to Spanish-siónmembers. About 80+ useful words follow this pattern. Only true cognates are available for discovery.
What you learned:Building Blocks: -sion → -sión is now part of your Module 14 pattern.
Review & Reuse · 50 Rolls
Recall the pattern in different situations
The first 15 rolls complete any unfinished extra practice after Reveal from the New items. Later practice integrate Module 14 with already learned wants, needs, possession, location, existence, and navigation language.
Combined Practice · 6 Rolls
Practice what you know
No new Spanish appears here.
Apply & Communicate · 6 Rolls
Show the Module Can-Do
Perform the noun/article pattern in different situations rather than explaining a rule.
You can now
Your Module 14 capability
PracticeRecognize grammatical noun gender without confusing it with biological sex.
PracticeRecall learned nouns with their articles.
PracticeUse un and una with learned singular nouns.
PracticeForm common learned plurals and recognize z→ces.
PracticeUse los, las, unos and unas.
PracticeMaintain article–noun agreement and explain al/del through the article pattern.
Show What You Can Do: Complete the Apply rolls to build practice without help.
Ready to continue
Module 15 · Colors & Agreement
Continue to Module 15 · Colors & Agreement after you can choose article, gender, and number accurately in different situations.