Direct practice
What you will learn
Module 30 — Obligation & Advice
I can say what people have to do, what generally must be done, and what someone should do.
I04 · I05 · I06 · A2 · Contemporary Mexican Spanish
Lesson 1 — Learn & Recall
Personal Obligation: tener que
Lesson 1 · Have To: Singular
| Person | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| I | Tengo que trabajar. | I have to work. |
| you — informal singular | Tienes que estudiar. | You have to study. |
| he / she / you — formal singular | Tiene que leer. | He/She/You have to read. |
Change the form oftenerfor the person. Keepqueand keep the following action in the infinitive.
Lesson 2 · Have To: Plural
| Person | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| we | Tenemos que hablar. | We have to speak. |
| they / you all | Tienen que comer. | They/You all have to eat. |
In Mexican Spanish,tienen quealso servesustedes— you all.
Lesson 2 — Build & Connect
General Obligation: hay que
Lesson 3 · Hay Que — General Obligation
Hay que trabajar.— People generally have to work / One has to work.
Hay que estudiar.— People generally have to study / One has to study.
hay quedoes not name a specific person. Use it when the obligation is general rather than assigned to a particular subject.
Lesson 3 — Compare Spanish and English
Basic Advice: deber
Lesson 4 · Deber — Should
| Person | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| I | Debo estudiar. | I should study. |
| you — informal singular | Debes leer. | You should read. |
| he / she / you — formal singular | Debe trabajar. | He/She/You should work. |
| we | Debemos hablar. | We should speak. |
| they / you all | Deben comer. | They/You all should eat. |
In Module 30,deber + infinitiveis learned only as basicshould / ought toadvice.
Specific person
Tengo que trabajar.
I have to work.
General obligation
Hay que trabajar.
People generally have to work.
Basic advice
Debo trabajar.
I should work.
Later meanings and softer/later advice forms are intentionally not part of this module.
What you are learning
Practice It Five Ways recall
Meaning check
What does “Tengo que estudiar.” mean in English?
Changed action
Say: “I have to read.”
pattern recall
Build the personal obligation: I + have to + speak.
Precision recall
Say: “I have to eat.”
Direct practice
Say informally to one person: “You have to work.”
Meaning check
What does “Tienes que estudiar.” mean in English?
Changed action
Informal singular: “You have to read.”
pattern recall
Informal singular: “You have to speak.”
Precision recall
Informal singular: “You have to eat.”
Direct practice
Say: “He/She has to work.”
Meaning check
What does “Tiene que estudiar.” mean in English?
Formal-person recall
Formal singular you: “You have to read.”
Changed action
Say: “He/She has to speak.”
Precision recall
Say: “He/She has to eat.”
Direct practice
Say: “We have to work.”
Meaning check
What does “Tenemos que estudiar.” mean in English?
Changed action
Say: “We have to read.”
pattern recall
Say: “We have to speak.”
Precision recall
Say: “We have to eat.”
Direct practice
Say: “They have to work.”
Meaning check
What does “Tienen que estudiar.” mean in English?
Ustedes recall
Say to a group: “You all have to read.”
Changed action
Say: “They have to speak.”
Precision recall
Say: “They have to eat.”
Direct practice
Say generally: “One/people have to work.”
Meaning check
What does “Hay que estudiar.” mean in English?
Changed action
Say generally: “One/people have to read.”
General-v-person distinction
No specific person is named. Say: “People generally have to speak.”
Precision recall
Say generally: “One/people have to eat.”
First-person advice
Say: “I should study.”
Informal advice
Say informally to one person: “You should read.”
Third/formal advice
Say: “He/She should work.”
We advice
Say: “We should speak.”
They/ustedes advice
Say: “They should eat.”
What you learned
Review & Reuse
Review 1
Module 30 review 1: Say: “I have to work.”
Review 2
Module 30 review 2: Informal singular: “You have to study.”
Review 3
Module 30 review 3: Say: “He/She has to read.”
Review 4
Module 30 review 4: Say: “We have to speak.”
Review 5
Module 30 review 5: Say: “They have to eat.”
Review 6
Module 30 review 6: No person is named: “People generally have to work.”
Review 7
Module 30 review 7: No person is named: “One has to study.”
Review 8
Module 30 review 8: Say: “I should read.”
Review 9
Module 30 review 9: Informal singular: “You should study.”
Review 10
Module 30 review 10: Say: “He/She should work.”
Review 11
Module 30 review 11: Say: “We should eat.”
Review 12
Module 30 review 12: Say: “They should speak.”
Review 13
Module 30 review 13: Formal singular you: “You should read.”
Review 14
Module 30 review 14: Say: “I have to work.”
Review 15
Module 30 review 15: Informal singular: “You have to study.”
Review 16
Module 30 review 16: Say: “He/She has to read.”
Review 17
Module 30 review 17: Say: “We have to speak.”
Review 18
Module 30 review 18: Say: “They have to eat.”
Review 19
Module 30 review 19: No person is named: “People generally have to work.”
Review 20
Module 30 review 20: No person is named: “One has to study.”
Review 21
Module 30 review 21: Say: “I should read.”
Review 22
Module 30 review 22: Informal singular: “You should study.”
Review 23
Module 30 review 23: Say: “He/She should work.”
Review 24
Module 30 review 24: Say: “We should eat.”
Review 25
Module 30 review 25: Say: “They should speak.”
Review 26
Module 30 review 26: Formal singular you: “You should read.”
Review 27
Module 30 review 27: Say: “I have to work.”
Review 28
Module 30 review 28: Informal singular: “You have to study.”
Review 29
Module 30 review 29: Say: “He/She has to read.”
Review 30
Module 30 review 30: Say: “We have to speak.”
Review 31
Module 30 review 31: Say: “They have to eat.”
Review 32
Module 30 review 32: No person is named: “People generally have to work.”
Review 33
Module 30 review 33: No person is named: “One has to study.”
Review 34
Module 30 review 34: Say: “I should read.”
Review 35
Module 30 review 35: Informal singular: “You should study.”
Review 36
Module 30 review 36: Say: “He/She should work.”
Review 37
Module 30 review 37: Say: “We should eat.”
later review 1
later review 1: Say: “I am going to work this afternoon.”
later review 2
later review 2: Ask informally: “Are you going to study tonight?”
later review 3
later review 3: Say: “We are going to read together.”
later review 4
later review 4: Ask: “Whose is it?”
later review 5
later review 5: Say: “Nobody comes.”
later review 6
later review 6: React: “How difficult!”
later review 7
later review 7: Say: “I need help. I don't understand.”
later review 8
later review 8: Say: “The meeting is at the hotel.”
later review 9
later review 9: Say: “It is cold.”
later review 10
later review 10: Say: “I like coffee.”
later review 11
later review 11: Say: “I am working.”
later review 12
later review 12: Say: “I get dressed.”
later review 13
later review 13: Say: “I always work.”
Build & Connect
Combined Practice
Combined a new situation 1
Combined task 1: Say two ideas: “I have to work. People generally have to study.”
Combined a new situation 2
Combined task 2: Say: “You have to read. You should study.” — informal singular.
Combined a new situation 3
Combined task 3: Say: “He/She has to work. He/She should read.”
Combined a new situation 4
Combined task 4: Say: “We have to speak. We should study.”
Combined a new situation 5
Combined task 5: Say: “They have to eat. They should work.”
Combined a new situation 6
Combined task 6: No person is named for the first idea: “People generally have to read. I should study.”
Combined a new situation 7
Combined task 7: Say: “I have to study. I am going to work this afternoon.”
Combined a new situation 8
Combined task 8: Say: “We have to read. We are going to speak together.”
Combined a new situation 9
Combined task 9: Say: “They have to work. It is cold.”
Combined a new situation 10
Combined task 10: Say: “You should read. I like coffee.” — informal singular.
Combined a new situation 11
Combined task 11: Say: “People generally have to work. Nobody comes.”
Combined a new situation 12
Combined task 12: Say: “He/She should study. He/She is working.”
Show What You Can Do
Apply & Communicate
Show What You Can Do 1
Apply task 1: Choose the correct three patterns: “I have to work. People generally have to study. I should read.”
Show What You Can Do 2
Apply task 2: Address one person informally: “You have to study. You should read.” Then give a general rule: “People have to work.”
Show What You Can Do 3
Apply task 3: Talk about another person: “He/She has to read. He/She should study.” Then give a general obligation: “People have to eat.”
Show What You Can Do 4
Apply task 4: Use plural forms: “We have to speak. We should study. They have to work. They should read.”
Show What You Can Do 5
Apply task 5: Combine obligation with a prior plan: “I have to study. I am going to work this afternoon. People generally have to read.”
Try Again After Reveal
extra practice in a new situation
Reveal extra practice 1
extra practice task 1: a new situation: “I have to read. People generally have to work. I should study.”
Reveal extra practice 2
extra practice task 2: Changed informal context: “You have to work. You should study. People generally have to read.”
Reveal extra practice 3
extra practice task 3: Changed third-person context: “He/She has to study. He/She should work. People generally have to speak.”
Reveal extra practice 4
extra practice task 4: Changed plural context: “We have to eat. We should read. They have to study. They should work.”
Reveal extra practice 5
extra practice task 5: Changed plan context: “I have to work. I am going to study tonight. People generally have to eat.”
You can now
Ready to continue
You can choosetener quefor a specific person's obligation,hay quefor a general obligation, anddeber + infinitivefor basic should/advice in the exact Module 30 pattern.